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Packaging requirements for lithium batteries for export

Classification of lithium batteries

The first type is lithium battery transported separately. As a kind of battery with lithium metal or lithium alloy as positive/negative material and non-aqueous electrolyte solution, lithium battery can be divided into lithium metal battery and lithium ion battery. Lithium metal batteries contain metallic lithium, which can not be recharged, while lithium ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium, which can be recharged. When transported separately, their corresponding UN numbers are 3090 and 3480.

The second type is lithium battery transported with the equipment. In actual trade transportation, lithium batteries are often transported together with equipment, mainly in two cases. One is that the battery is installed in the device, and the other is that the battery is packaged with the device. In either case, the corresponding UN numbers are 3091 and 3481 according to whether there is lithium in metal state.

The third category is lithium battery powered equipment or vehicles. In recent years, various kinds of new energy vehicles powered by lithium batteries have emerged in an endless stream, including bicycles, cars, balance cars, etc. IMDG assigned UN number 3171 to such products.

Relevant laws and regulations

The inspection and supervision of lithium batteries and lithium products are mainly based on the United Nations Model Regulations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, the United Nations Manual of Tests and Standards on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Transport Rules of the International Maritime Organization ICAO's Technical Rules for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air and the Rules for the Inspection of Packages of Dangerous Goods for Export (SN/T0370.1-2009) (SN/T0370.2-2009) (SN/T0370.3-2012), etc.

Packaging requirements for lithium batteries and lithium equipment for export

The following requirements are mentioned in the packing guide P903 of IMDG List of Dangerous Goods. It is divided according to different product categories, and this guideline applies to relevant goods under UN309030913480 and 3481.

1. For the battery or battery pack packed in the container, protective measures shall be taken to prevent the battery or battery pack from being damaged due to its movement or position change in the container. The container must meet the performance index of Class II packaging. For batteries or battery packs with a total weight of more than or equal to 12 kg, which use a solid, impact-resistant shell, and the collection of such batteries or battery packs, solid outer packaging, protective covers, pallets or other handling equipment are also required. In the same way, the battery or battery pack should also be fixed to prevent accidental movement, and the electrode should not bear the weight of other stacked items.

2. For the battery or battery pack packaged with the equipment, except that its container must meet the performance index of Class II packaging, the equipment must be fixed and cannot be moved in the outer container. The battery or battery pack should also be completely wrapped.

3. In addition to meeting the previous requirements, the battery or battery pack installed in the equipment should have measures to prevent accidental startup during transportation. At the same time, the battery or battery pack should also be prevented from short circuit.

4. When the package contains the combination of lithium battery in the equipment and lithium battery packaged with the equipment, the package shall be marked with "lithium metal battery UN3091 or lithium ion UN3481 placed with the equipment". If a package contains both lithium-ion batteries and lithium-metal batteries, the package shall be marked simultaneously according to the requirements of both battery types.

In addition to the key points in the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) packag